What does the Hawthorne effect describe?

The Hawthorne effect describes the phenomenon where individuals modify their behavior when they know they are being observed. This effect was first identified during a series of studies at the Hawthorne Works factory in the 1920s, where researchers found that workers' productivity increased not solely due to changes in physical conditions, but significantly because they were aware that they were part of a study. The attention and observation from the researchers led to heightened awareness among the workers, which influenced their work habits and overall performance.

This understanding is essential for leaders and managers, as it highlights the importance of observation and engagement in the workplace. By recognizing that people may perform differently when they are aware of being watched, leaders can foster environments that harness this effect positively, ensuring that employees feel valued and motivated. In turn, this emphasizes the role of human factors in productivity beyond mere physical or technical improvements.